SWAT VALLEY

Pakistan is a beautiful country with amazing mountainous regions and valleys. Swat is one of the lovely and charismatic place of Pakistan. It is known as Switzerland of Pakistan. The river Swat is a translucent water river opening from the Ushu rage of mountain to the stretch of the valley of Swat. Swat is considered paradise on earth.Swat is situated north of Peshawar. In ancient times it remained center of then flourishing Buddhist civilization, still having its marks found at various places. Its old name was Udyana that means the land of gardens. The archaeological sites and monasteries dating back to Buddhist era add to its historical charm. Surrounded by majestic mountains, Swat Valley is full of screaming rivers, lush green forests and snow-covered peaks adding to its natural attraction. 

                                                Karkar Swat

The famous places of Swat is Marghuzar ( sufaid Mahal), Malamjabba, Bhuddist Stupas, Kalam, Madiyan, Cheel, Bahrain, Galciers, Karkar, Asmani Morh, Panjigram  Dadahara Park etc.

                                                       Ghalege Swat

This Buddhist stupa, just three km from Barikot, unfolds its attractive glimpses on the right side of the road. It was approximately built between the third and the fourth centuries AD, perhaps being the only relic with its original dome still intact. On the right side of the road, nearly one and half kilometer from the stupa, large figures of Buddha carved on a rock revive memories of that once glorious period of Buddhism in this region.

About 13 km from Saidu Sharif, is sited the serene small town of Marghzar at the foot of Mount llam. Its White Marble Palace, built by ruler of Swat Bacha Khan  in the early 1940s, adds to the grandeur of this peaceful town. The palace has now been converted into a top class hotel with excellent lodging and boarding facilities. While journeying towards Swat, you can see a road turning towards Islampur, a small village famous for its medicinal plants. Wildlife is found in its forest. 

A trip to Swat is incomplete without seeing Malam- Jaba, about 44 km from Mingora, a modern hill resort with surrounding mountains raising its natural attraction and beautiful landscape. Both outdoor and indoor recreation facilities are available. It is a newly developed resort having a four star hotel and chairlift. During peak summer, it is flocked by visitors taking respite from mid summer scorching heat in plains. A hotel complex with a mini golf course and a ski run provide good entertainment. Malam-Jaba offers beautiful landscape of mountain peaks full of snow, green valleys and sprawling forests refreshing minds in a cool and more serene atmosphere generously gifted by nature.


Madyan Situated on the banks of surging Swat river, at a distance of 57 km from Saidu Sharif. Its riverside location and cool climate make it an attractive spot with rows of shops, hotels and restaurants queued along the road. A trout hatchery adds to its fascination. Local handicrafts, embroidery and antiques are displayed at roadside shops.

                                            Me At Madyan

Kalam is like an earthly paradise in Swat Valley. Located at a distance of 40 km from Bahrain, Kalam is the main town of this region presenting one of the most panoramic natural beauty. The people known as Kohistanis are its original inhabitants proud of their own language and still unchanged traditions. A fascinating view Falaksair Peak with its melting snow even during summers from Matiltan  is ecstatic. The journey is incomplete without seeing and going to Mahodand, a famous lake, about 23 km beyond Matiltan. Rivers and lakes at Kalam offer good trout fishing after getting permits obtainable from the Fisheries Department. 

            
                                                               Kalam

Analyze and Design Load Forecasting For Electrical Projects

Analyze and Design load forecasting for electrical projects 

Theory:

         According to load forecasting it is the study of loads, generators and the overall analysis of practical electrical networks in the form of project before its implementation is called load forecasting in other words it is the approximate forecast about the present and future electrical loads which is to be installed in future. This study tells us about the conductor size, conduit size, power cables, distribution transformers, generators as well as the flexibility factor by following the given steps.

Site visit of the location:

         In order to perform precise and accurate load forecasting about the concerned project a project manager should visit the proposed location where the installation to be installed by site visit we mean a project manager will go practically personally on the site he will be responsible to check the existent facility, availability of electrical power and its distance from the site and other facilities, like roads, transportation and sewerage system of the location, the physibility of proposed project with respect of proposed location is the main responsibility of the project manager.

Land scaling and measurement:

         According to this process a project manager is generally facilitated about the covered area by the CDA or PDA in the absence of this information and in order for the precise load forecasting a project manager must know about the land measurement, in terms of geometry. In according to this step a project manager may face different types of geometrical shapes in calculation regular and irregular shapes. For regular shapes already formulas are available and in case of irregular shapes project manager mush utilize approximation mathematics to calculate the estimated area of irregular shape, after calculating the area of any shape expressed in ft square, before performing the third step, load evaluation.

Load evaluation:

         According to this step the defined covered area we mean duly that area where the construction is to be made not the total area of the land in load evaluation we take the covered area and multiply it with the load evaluation factor (it is a factor which determine the type of load in numerical constant) estimated by the scientist of the related field and the load evaluation factor table represents the whole information (types of load and other parameters) in numeric form which is given below;

Load evaluation Table

S.No	Type of load	Volt amp per sq ft
1	mosque, auditorium, house, dwelling, churches	1
2	Clubs, courts, hospitals, motels, apartments, Industries, commercial plazas, restaurant and cinemal houses	2
3	Beauty parlor, barber shops, shops, schools, colleges And universities	3
4	Govt & private offices	3.5
5	Garages and Godams	0.5

   

Demand factor Table:

            According to demand factor table it is a percentage representation of load discussed in load evaluation factor table this table shows us how much of the covered area should be considered in terms of percentage of estimated apparent power, represented by S, and this is the power supplied by the generator should be considered during the design of load forecasting for the projects given by

Demand factor Table

S.No	Types of load	Volt Amp	Percentage
1  2  3  4	Dwelling Hospital Hotels and motels All others	first 3000 Next 3000-12000 Balance First 25000 Balance/Remaining First 20000 Balance/Remainder Same as	100% 35% 25% 40% 40% or Approx 60% 40%    100%

Procedure:

1.      First  calculated the total area.

2.      Then according to the table I multiplied total area with 3V.A/sq ft.

3.      Then  subtracted 3000 from total power.

4.      Then  multiplied total power with 35%.

5.      Then added 3000 to total power multiplied by 35%.

6.      Then  found the phase current by dividing power by 220.

7.      Then  found current in 3-phase by dividing 440.

Precaution:

·       Save yourself.

·       Save the system.

·       Save the environment.

7 Facts In This World

7 Facts In This World